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Medically reviewed by Holevn.org. Last updated on Mar 19, 2019.
Commonly used brand name(s)
In the U.S.
- Inomax
- Noxivent
Available Dosage Forms:
- Gas
Therapeutic Class: Stimulant, Respiratory
Uses for nitric oxide
Nitric oxide is used together with a breathing machine (ventilator) and other agents to treat newborn (term and near-term) babies with respiratory failure that is caused by pulmonary hypertension.
Nitric oxide is a gas that is inhaled through the nose or mouth. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles to widen the blood vessels in the lungs.
Nitric oxide is to be given only by or under the direct supervision of a doctor.
Before using nitric oxide
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For nitric oxide, the following should be considered:
Allergies
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to nitric oxide or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
Pediatric
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of inhaled nitric oxide in newborn babies with respiratory failure.
Geriatric
Use of inhaled nitric oxide is not indicated in geriatric patients.
Pregnancy
| Pregnancy Category | Explanation | |
|---|---|---|
| All Trimesters | C | Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women. |
Breastfeeding
There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.
Interactions with medicines
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving nitric oxide, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using nitric oxide with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.
- Riociguat
Using nitric oxide with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.
- Prilocaine
Interactions with food/tobacco/alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Other medical problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of nitric oxide. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
- Heart failure or
- Lung or breathing problems—Use with caution. May increase risk for more serious side effects.
- Heart problem (eg, babies dependent on right-to-left shunt)—Should not be given to patients with this condition.
Proper use of nitric oxide
A nurse or other trained health professional will give your baby nitric oxide in a hospital. Nitric oxide is inhaled into your baby’s lungs through the mouth or nose.
Nitric oxide must be given using the nitric oxide delivery system (eg, INOmax DS®, INOmax® DS, INOvent®) together with a ventilator (breathing gas administration system).
Nitric oxide is usually given for up to 14 days or until your baby is ready to be weaned from nitric oxide treatment.
Precautions while using nitric oxide
It is very important that your baby’s doctor check your baby closely while receiving nitric oxide. This will allow the doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if your baby should continue to receive it. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.
Your baby’s doctor also needs to monitor your baby’s breathing, oxygen levels, and other vital signs while receiving nitric oxide.
Stopping nitric oxide suddenly may increase your baby’s risk to have rebound pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Symptoms include: bluish lips or skin, slow heartbeat, lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting, or decreased cardiac output.
Nitric oxide may cause a rare, but serious blood problem called methemoglobinemia. Your baby’s doctor will measure how much methemoglobin is in your baby’s blood while receiving nitric oxide.
Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.
Nitric oxide side effects
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
More common
- Blurred vision
- confusion
- dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position
- sweating
- unusual tiredness or weakness
Incidence not known
- Bluish lips or skin
- chest discomfort
- difficult or labored breathing
- dizziness
- tightness in the chest
- trouble breathing
Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:
Symptoms of overdose
- Bluish-colored lips, fingernails, or palms
- dark urine
- fever
- headache
- pale skin
- rapid heart rate
- sore throat
- unusual bleeding or bruising
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
Incidence not known
- Dry throat
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Seek emergency medical attention or call 115
Further information
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Medical Disclaimer
The content of Holevn is solely for the purpose of providing information about Thuốc Nitric oxide (Inhalation) and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please contact your nearest doctor or clinic, hospital for advice. We do not accept liability if the patient arbitrarily uses the drug without following a doctor’s prescription.
Reference from: https://www.drugs.com/cons/nitric-oxide-inhalation.html
