Holevn Health chia sẻ các bài viết về: Thuốc Antihistamine, tác dụng phụ – liều lượng, Thuốc Antihistamine điều trị bệnh gì. Các vấn đề lưu ý khác. Vui lòng tham khảo các chi tiết dưới đây.
Tên lớp: thuốc kháng histamine (Đường uống, đường tiêm, đường trực tràng)
Tên thương hiệu thường được sử dụng
Tại Hoa Kỳ
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- Chất lỏng hỗ trợ giấc ngủ ban đêm tương đương – Hương vị Berry
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- Gravol
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Các dạng bào chế có sẵn:
- Giải pháp
- Máy tính bảng
- Xi-rô
- Máy tính bảng, phát hành mở rộng
- Đình chỉ, phát hành mở rộng
- Máy tính bảng, nhai
- Viên con nhộng
- Chất lỏng
- Máy tính bảng, tan rã
- Thuốc tiên
- Huyền phù
- Viên nang, chất lỏng đầy
- Thuốc đạn
Sử dụng cho thuốc này
Thuốc kháng histamine được sử dụng để làm giảm hoặc ngăn ngừa các triệu chứng sốt cỏ khô và các loại dị ứng khác. Chúng hoạt động bằng cách ngăn chặn tác động của một chất gọi là histamine, được sản xuất bởi cơ thể. Histamine có thể gây ngứa, hắt hơi, chảy nước mũi và chảy nước mắt. Ngoài ra, ở một số người, histamine có thể đóng các ống phế quản (đường dẫn khí của phổi) và gây khó thở.
Một số thuốc kháng histamine cũng được sử dụng để ngăn ngừa say tàu xe, buồn nôn, nôn và chóng mặt. Ở những bệnh nhân mắc bệnh Parkinson, diphenhydramine có thể được sử dụng để làm giảm độ cứng và run. Ngoài ra, dạng xi-rô của diphenhydramine được sử dụng để làm giảm ho do cảm lạnh hoặc sốt cỏ khô. Ngoài ra, vì thuốc kháng histamine có thể gây buồn ngủ do tác dụng phụ, một số trong số chúng có thể được sử dụng để giúp mọi người đi ngủ.
Hydroxyzine được sử dụng trong điều trị các tình trạng thần kinh và cảm xúc để giúp kiểm soát sự lo lắng. Nó cũng có thể được sử dụng để giúp kiểm soát sự lo lắng và tạo ra giấc ngủ trước khi phẫu thuật.
Một số thuốc kháng histamine được sử dụng trong điều trị nổi mề đay mãn tính, là một phát ban giống như tổ ong dai dẳng.
Thuốc kháng histamine cũng có thể được sử dụng cho các tình trạng khác theo quyết định của bác sĩ.
Các chế phẩm kháng histamine có sẵn cả thuốc không kê đơn (OTC) và với đơn thuốc của bác sĩ.
Không dùng bất kỳ loại thuốc ho và cảm lạnh không kê đơn (OTC) nào cho trẻ nhỏ hoặc trẻ dưới 4 tuổi. Sử dụng các loại thuốc này ở trẻ nhỏ có thể gây ra tác dụng phụ nghiêm trọng hoặc có thể đe dọa tính mạng.
Tầm quan trọng của chế độ ăn uống
Hãy chắc chắn rằng chuyên gia chăm sóc sức khỏe của bạn biết nếu bạn đang ở trong chế độ ăn ít natri, ít đường hoặc bất kỳ chế độ ăn uống đặc biệt nào khác. Hầu hết các loại thuốc chứa nhiều hơn hoạt chất của chúng, và nhiều loại thuốc lỏng có chứa cồn.
Trước khi sử dụng thuốc này
Dị ứng
Hãy cho bác sĩ của bạn nếu bạn đã từng có bất kỳ phản ứng bất thường hoặc dị ứng với các loại thuốc trong nhóm này hoặc bất kỳ loại thuốc nào khác. Cũng nói với chuyên gia chăm sóc sức khỏe của bạn nếu bạn có bất kỳ loại dị ứng nào khác, chẳng hạn như thực phẩm thuốc nhuộm, chất bảo quản hoặc động vật. Đối với các sản phẩm không kê đơn, đọc nhãn hoặc thành phần gói cẩn thận.
Nhi khoa
Tác dụng phụ nghiêm trọng, chẳng hạn như co giật (co giật), có nhiều khả năng xảy ra ở bệnh nhân trẻ tuổi và sẽ có nguy cơ cao hơn đối với trẻ sơ sinh so với trẻ lớn hoặc người lớn. Nhìn chung, trẻ em nhạy cảm hơn với tác dụng của thuốc kháng histamine. Ngoài ra, ác mộng hoặc hưng phấn bất thường, căng thẳng, bồn chồn hoặc khó chịu có thể dễ xảy ra ở trẻ em.
Không dùng bất kỳ loại thuốc ho và cảm lạnh không kê đơn (OTC) nào cho trẻ nhỏ hoặc trẻ dưới 4 tuổi. Sử dụng các loại thuốc này ở trẻ nhỏ có thể gây ra tác dụng phụ nghiêm trọng hoặc có thể đe dọa tính mạng.
Lão
Bệnh nhân cao tuổi thường nhạy cảm hơn với tác dụng của thuốc kháng histamine. Sự hoang mang; đi tiểu khó khăn hoặc đau đớn; chóng mặt; buồn ngủ; Cảm thấy mờ nhạt; hoặc khô miệng, mũi hoặc cổ họng có thể xảy ra ở bệnh nhân cao tuổi. Ngoài ra, ác mộng hoặc hưng phấn bất thường, hồi hộp, bồn chồn hoặc khó chịu có thể xảy ra ở bệnh nhân cao tuổi.
Thai kỳ
Hydroxyzine không được khuyến cáo sử dụng trong những tháng đầu tiên của thai kỳ vì nó đã được chứng minh là gây ra dị tật bẩm sinh trong các nghiên cứu trên động vật khi được dùng với liều cao gấp nhiều lần so với liều thông thường ở người. Hãy chắc chắn rằng bạn đã thảo luận điều này với bác sĩ của bạn.
Desloratadine và fexofenadine chưa được nghiên cứu ở phụ nữ mang thai. Tuy nhiên, các nghiên cứu trên động vật đã chỉ ra rằng những loại thuốc này gây ra dị tật bẩm sinh hoặc các vấn đề khác khi được dùng với liều cao hơn liều người thông thường. Trước khi dùng thuốc này, hãy chắc chắn rằng bác sĩ của bạn biết nếu bạn đang mang thai hoặc nếu bạn có thể mang thai.
- Lapatinib
- Lasmiditan
- Ethanol
- Grapefruit Juice
- This medicine controls nausea and vomiting. For this reason, it may cover up the signs of overdose caused by other medicines or the symptoms of appendicitis. This will make it difficult for your doctor to diagnose these conditions. Make sure your doctor knows that you are taking this medicine if you have other symptoms of appendicitis such as stomach or lower abdominal pain, cramping, or soreness. Also, if you think you may have taken an overdose of any medicine, tell your doctor that you are taking this medicine.
- If you are already taking a sedative or tranquilizer, do not take this medicine without consulting your doctor first.
- Abdominal or stomach pain
- burning
- chills
- clay-colored stools or dark urine
- cough
- diarrhea
- difficulty swallowing
- dizziness
- fast or irregular heartbeat
- fever
- headache
- hives
- itching
- prickly sensations
- puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips or tongue
- redness of skin
- seizures
- shortness of breath
- skin rash
- swelling
- tightness in chest
- tingling
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- wheezing
- Sore throat
- unusual bleeding or bruising
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- Clumsiness or unsteadiness
- convulsions (seizures)
- drowsiness (severe)
- dryness of mouth, nose, or throat (severe)
- feeling faint
- flushing or redness of face
- hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there)
- shortness of breath or troubled breathing
- trouble in sleeping
- Drowsiness
- dry mouth, nose, or throat
- gastrointestinal upset, stomach pain, or nausea
- headache
- increased appetite and weight gain
- thickening of mucus
- Acid or sour stomach
- belching
- blurred vision or any change in vision
- body aches or pain
- clumsiness or unsteadiness
- confusion (not with diphenhydramine)
- congestion
- constipation
- cough
- diarrhea
- difficult or painful urination
- difficulty in moving
- difficult or painful menstruation
- dizziness (not with brompheniramine or hydroxyzine)
- drowsiness (with high doses of desloratadine and loratadine)
- dryness of mouth, nose, or throat
- early menstruation
- fast heartbeat
- fever
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- hoarseness
- increased sensitivity of skin to sun
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- indigestion
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- joint pain
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- nausea
- nightmares (not with azatadine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, hydroxyzine, or loratadine)
- ringing or buzzing in ears
- runny nose
- skin rash
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- tender swollen glands in neck
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Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Using medicines in this class with any of the following is usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use your medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Precautions while using this Medicine
Before you have any skin tests for allergies, tell the doctor in charge that you are taking this medicine. The results of the test may be affected by this medicine.
When taking antihistamines on a regular basis, make sure your doctor knows if you are taking large amounts of aspirin at the same time (as for arthritis or rheumatism). Effects of too much aspirin, such as ringing in the ears, may be covered up by the antihistamine.
Antihistamines will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using this medicine.
This medicine may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally. Even if taken at bedtime, it may cause some people to feel drowsy or less alert on arising. Some antihistamines are more likely to cause drowsiness than others. Drowsiness is less likely with cetirizine, and rare with desloratadine and loratadine. Make sure you know how you react to the antihistamine you are taking before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.
Antihistamines may cause dryness of the mouth, nose, and throat. Some antihistamines are more likely to cause dryness of the mouth than others . For temporary relief of mouth dryness, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.
For patients using dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine:
For patients using diphenhydramine or doxylamine as a sleeping aid:
Side Effects of this Medicine
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common or rare
Less common or rare with azatadine, cetirizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, dexchlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, or loratadine
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common or rare
Symptoms of overdose
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Less common or rare
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Seek emergency medical attention or call 115
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Further information
Medical Disclaimer
The content of Holevn is solely for the purpose of providing information about Thuốc Antihistamine and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please contact your nearest doctor or clinic, hospital for advice. We do not accept liability if the patient arbitrarily uses the drug without following a doctor’s prescription.
Reference from: https://www.drugs.com/cons/antihistamine-oral-parenteral-rectal.html
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- Ethanol
- Grapefruit Juice
- Enlarged prostate or
- Urinary tract blockage or difficult urination—Antihistamines may make urinary problems worse.
- Glaucoma—These medicines may cause a slight increase in inner eye pressure that may make the condition worse.
- Intestinal obstruction or
- Stomach ulcer—Use of cyproheptadine may make these conditions worse.
- Liver disease or
- Kidney disease—Effects of desloratadine may be increased because of slower removal from the body.
- Antihistamines can be taken with food or a glass of water or milk to lessen stomach irritation if necessary.
- If you are taking the extended-release tablet form of this medicine, swallow the tablets whole. Do not break, crush, or chew before swallowing.
- Take this medicine at least 30 minutes or, even better, 1 to 2 hours before you begin to travel.
- To insert suppository: First remove the foil wrapper and moisten the suppository with cold water. Lie down on your side and use your finger to push the suppository well up into the rectum. If the suppository is too soft to insert, chill the suppository in the refrigerator for 30 minutes or run cold water over it before removing the foil wrapper.
- If you will be giving yourself the injection, make sure you understand exactly how to give it. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults—1 to 2 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 12 years of age and older—0.5 mg to 1 mg two times a day as needed.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—4 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—2 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—1 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults and teenagers—10 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle, under the skin, or into a vein every eight to twelve hours.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—0.125 mg per kilogram (0.06 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle, under the skin, or into a vein three or four times a day as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (syrup and tablets):
- Adults—5 to 10 milligrams (mg) once a day.
- Children 6 years of age and older—5 to 10 mg once a day.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—2.5 mg once a day, up to a maximum of 5 mg once a day or 2.5 mg twice a day.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—4 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—2 mg three or four times a day as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For long-acting oral dosage forms (capsules or tablets):
- Adults—8 or 12 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 12 years of age and older—8 mg every twelve hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—5 to 40 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle, into a vein, or under the skin.
- Children 4 years of age and older—0.0875 mg per kilogram (0.04 mg per pound) of body weight injected under the skin every six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—1.34 milligrams (mg) two times a day or 2.68 mg one to three times a day as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—0.67 to 1.34 mg two times a day.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and children 14 years of age and older—4 milligrams (mg) every eight hours. The doctor may increase the dose if needed.
- Children 6 to 14 years of age—4 mg every eight to twelve hours as needed
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—2 mg every eight to twelve hours as needed
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and children 12 years of age and older—5 milligrams (mg) once a day.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage form (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—2 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 5 to 12 years of age—1 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 5 years of age—0.5 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For long-acting oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults—4 or 6 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—25 to 50 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—12.5 to 25 mg every four to six hours.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—6.25 to 12.5 mg every four to six hours.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—10 to 50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1.25 mg per kg (0.6 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle four times a day.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and teenagers—12.5 to 25 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—6.25 to 12.5 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage form (capsules):
- Adults and teenagers—60 milligrams (mg) two times a day as needed or 180 mg once a day.
- Children 6 to 11 years of age—30 mg twice a day as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and children 6 years of age and older—10 milligrams (mg) once a day.
- Children 4 to 5 years of age—5 mg once a day.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and teenagers—25 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—12.5 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—50 to 100 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—25 to 50 mg every six to eight hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—12.5 to 25 mg every six to eight hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For long-acting oral dosage forms (capsules):
- Adults—1 capsule (contains 25 milligrams [mg] for immediate action and 50 mg for long action) every twelve hours.
- Children 4 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein every four hours as needed.
- Children 2 years of age and older—1.25 mg per kg (0.6 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle or into a vein every six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For suppository dosage form:
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg) inserted into the rectum every six to eight hours as needed.
- Children 12 years of age and older—50 mg inserted into the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 8 to 12 years of age—25 to 50 mg inserted into the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 8 years of age—12.5 to 25 mg inserted into the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—25 to 50 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 to 1.5 mg per kg (0.45 to 0.7 mg per pound) of body weight every four to six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—10 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein. Dose may be increased to 25 to 50 mg every two to three hours.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 to 1.5 mg per kg (0.45 to 0.68 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle every six hours.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—25 to 100 milligrams (mg) three or four times a day as needed.
- Children 6 years of age and older—12.5 to 25 mg every six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—12.5 mg every six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—25 to 100 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 mg per kg (0.45 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—25 milligrams (mg) three times a day when starting treatment. Your doctor may increase the dose gradually later if needed.
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—10 to 50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein.
- Children—1.25 mg per kg (0.6 mg per pound) of body weight four times a day injected into a muscle.
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—50 milligrams (mg) twenty to thirty minutes before bedtime if needed.
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults—25 milligrams (mg) thirty minutes before bedtime if needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg).
- Children 4 years of age and older—0.6 mg per kg (0.3 mg per pound) of body weight.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle.
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg).
- Children 4 years of age and older—0.6 mg per kg (0.3 mg per pound) of body weight.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 mg per kilogram (0.45 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- This medicine controls nausea and vomiting. For this reason, it may cover up the signs of overdose caused by other medicines or the symptoms of appendicitis. This will make it difficult for your doctor to diagnose these conditions. Make sure your doctor knows that you are taking this medicine if you have other symptoms of appendicitis such as stomach or lower abdominal pain, cramping, or soreness. Also, if you think you may have taken an overdose of any medicine, tell your doctor that you are taking this medicine.
- If you are already taking a sedative or tranquilizer, do not take this medicine without consulting your doctor first.
- Abdominal or stomach pain
- burning
- chills
- clay-colored stools or dark urine
- cough
- diarrhea
- difficulty swallowing
- dizziness
- fast or irregular heartbeat
- fever
- headache
- hives
- itching
- prickly sensations
- puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips or tongue
- redness of skin
- seizures
- shortness of breath
- skin rash
- swelling
- tightness in chest
- tingling
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- wheezing
- Sore throat
- unusual bleeding or bruising
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- Clumsiness or unsteadiness
- convulsions (seizures)
- drowsiness (severe)
- dryness of mouth, nose, or throat (severe)
- feeling faint
- flushing or redness of face
- hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there)
- shortness of breath or troubled breathing
- trouble in sleeping
- Drowsiness
- dry mouth, nose, or throat
- gastrointestinal upset, stomach pain, or nausea
- headache
- increased appetite and weight gain
- thickening of mucus
- Acid or sour stomach
- belching
- blurred vision or any change in vision
- body aches or pain
- clumsiness or unsteadiness
- confusion (not with diphenhydramine)
- congestion
- constipation
- cough
- diarrhea
- difficult or painful urination
- difficulty in moving
- difficult or painful menstruation
- dizziness (not with brompheniramine or hydroxyzine)
- drowsiness (with high doses of desloratadine and loratadine)
- dryness of mouth, nose, or throat
- early menstruation
- fast heartbeat
- fever
- heartburn
- hoarseness
- increased sensitivity of skin to sun
- increased sweating
- indigestion
- loss of appetite
- joint pain
- muscle aching or cramping
- muscle pains or stiffness
- nausea
- nightmares (not with azatadine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, hydroxyzine, or loratadine)
- ringing or buzzing in ears
- runny nose
- skin rash
- swollen joints
- stomach discomfort, upset or pain
- tender swollen glands in neck
- tremor
- unusual excitement, nervousness, restlessness, or irritability
- vomiting
- Hydroquinidine
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Hydroxytryptophan
- Hydroxyzine
- Ibutilide
- Iloperidone
- Imipramine
- Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
- Isoflurane
- Isradipine
- Itraconazole
- Ivabradine
- Ivosidenib
- Josamycin
- Ketamine
- Ketazolam
- Ketobemidone
- Ketoconazole
- Lapatinib
- Lasmiditan
- Lefamulin
- Lenvatinib
- Leuprolide
- Levofloxacin
- Levomilnacipran
- Levorphanol
- Lidoflazine
- Linezolid
- Lisdexamfetamine
- Lithium
- Lofexidine
- Lopinavir
- Lorazepam
- Lorcainide
- Lorcaserin
- Loxapine
- Lumefantrine
- Macimorelin
- Meclizine
- Mefloquine
- Melperone
- Meperidine
- Mephobarbital
- Meprobamate
- Meptazinol
- Mesoridazine
- Metaxalone
- Methacholine
- Methadone
- Methamphetamine
- Methdilazine
- Methocarbamol
- Methohexital
- Methotrimeprazine
- Methylene Blue
- Metoclopramide
- Metrizamide
- Metronidazole
- Midazolam
- Mifepristone
- Mirtazapine
- Mizolastine
- Molindone
- Moricizine
- Morphine
- Morphine Sulfate Liposome
- Moxifloxacin
- Nafarelin
- Nalbuphine
- Nelfinavir
- Nicomorphine
- Nilotinib
- Nitrazepam
- Nitrous Oxide
- Norfloxacin
- Nortriptyline
- Octreotide
- Ofloxacin
- Olanzapine
- Ondansetron
- Opium
- Opium Alkaloids
- Orphenadrine
- Osimertinib
- Oxazepam
- Oxycodone
- Oxymorphone
- Paliperidone
- Palonosetron
- Panobinostat
- Papaveretum
- Papaverine
- Paregoric
- Paroxetine
- Pasireotide
- Pazopanib
- Pentamidine
- Pentazocine
- Pentobarbital
- Perampanel
- Perazine
- Periciazine
- Perphenazine
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin
- Pimavanserin
- Pimozide
- Pipamperone
- Piperacetazine
- Pipotiazine
- Piritramide
- Pirmenol
- Pitolisant
- Posaconazole
- Prajmaline
- Prazepam
- Pregabalin
- Primidone
- Probucol
- Procainamide
- Procarbazine
- Prochlorperazine
- Promazine
- Promethazine
- Propafenone
- Propofol
- Propoxyphene
- Protriptyline
- Quazepam
- Quetiapine
- Quinidine
- Quinine
- Quinupristin
- Ramelteon
- Ranolazine
- Regadenoson
- Remifentanil
- Remoxipride
- Revefenacin
- Ribociclib
- Risperidone
- Ritonavir
- Roxithromycin
- Scopolamine
- Secobarbital
- Secretin Human
- Sematilide
- Sertindole
- Sertraline
- Sevoflurane
- Simeprevir
- Siponimod
- Sodium Oxybate
- Sodium Phosphate
- Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic
- Sodium Phosphate, Monobasic
- Solifenacin
- Sorafenib
- Sotalol
- Spiramycin
- Sufentanil
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Sulpiride
- Sultopride
- Sunitinib
- Suvorexant
- Tacrolimus
- Tamoxifen
- Tapentadol
- Tedisamil
- Telaprevir
- Telavancin
- Telithromycin
- Temazepam
- Tetrabenazine
- Thiethylperazine
- Thiopental
- Thiopropazate
- Thioridazine
- Tilidine
- Tiotropium
- Tizanidine
- Tolonium Chloride
- Tolterodine
- Topiramate
- Toremifene
- Tramadol
- Trazodone
- Triazolam
- Triclabendazole
- Trifluoperazine
- Trifluperidol
- Triflupromazine
- Trimeprazine
- Trimethoprim
- Trimipramine
- Triptorelin
- Vandetanib
- Vardenafil
- Vasopressin
- Vemurafenib
- Venetoclax
- Venlafaxine
- Vilanterol
- Vilazodone
- Vinflunine
- Voriconazole
- Vorinostat
- Vortioxetine
- Zaleplon
- Zileuton
- Ziprasidone
- Zolpidem
- Zopiclone
- Zotepine
- Zuclopenthixol
Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Using medicines in this class with any of the following is usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use your medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Other Medical Problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of medicines in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
Proper use of this Medicine
For patients taking this medicine by mouth:
For patients taking dimenhydrinate or diphenhydramine for motion sickness:
For patients using the suppository form of this medicine:
For patients using the injection form of this medicine:
Antihistamines are used to relieve or prevent the symptoms of your medical problem. Take them only as directed. Do not take more of them and do not take them more often than recommended on the label, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.
Dosing
The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor’s orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For use as an antihistamine:
- For azatadine
- For brompheniramine
- For cetirizine
- For chlorpheniramine
- For clemastine
- For cyproheptadine
- For desloratadine
- For dexchlorpheniramine
- For diphenhydramine
- For doxylamine
- For fexofenadine
- For loratadine
- For phenindamine
For nausea, vomiting, and vertigo (only dimenhydrinate and diphenhydramine are used for vertigo):
For dimenhydrinate
- For diphenhydramine
- For hydroxyzine
For Parkinson’s disease:
- For diphenhydramine
For use as a sedative (to help sleep):
- For diphenhydramine
- For doxylamine
- For hydroxyzine
For anxiety:
- For hydroxyzine
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Precautions while using this Medicine
Before you have any skin tests for allergies, tell the doctor in charge that you are taking this medicine. The results of the test may be affected by this medicine.
When taking antihistamines on a regular basis, make sure your doctor knows if you are taking large amounts of aspirin at the same time (as for arthritis or rheumatism). Effects of too much aspirin, such as ringing in the ears, may be covered up by the antihistamine.
Antihistamines will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using this medicine.
This medicine may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally. Even if taken at bedtime, it may cause some people to feel drowsy or less alert on arising. Some antihistamines are more likely to cause drowsiness than others. Drowsiness is less likely with cetirizine, and rare with desloratadine and loratadine. Make sure you know how you react to the antihistamine you are taking before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.
Antihistamines may cause dryness of the mouth, nose, and throat. Some antihistamines are more likely to cause dryness of the mouth than others . For temporary relief of mouth dryness, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.
For patients using dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine:
For patients using diphenhydramine or doxylamine as a sleeping aid:
Side Effects of this Medicine
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common or rare
Less common or rare with azatadine, cetirizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, dexchlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, or loratadine
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common or rare
Symptoms of overdose
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
Less common or rare
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Seek emergency medical attention or call 115
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Further information
Medical Disclaimer
The content of Holevn is solely for the purpose of providing information about Thuốc Antihistamine and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please contact your nearest doctor or clinic, hospital for advice. We do not accept liability if the patient arbitrarily uses the drug without following a doctor’s prescription.
Reference from: https://www.drugs.com/cons/antihistamine-oral-parenteral-rectal.html
Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
Using medicines in this class with any of the following is usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use your medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.
- Ethanol
- Grapefruit Juice
Other Medical Problems
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of medicines in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
- Enlarged prostate or
- Urinary tract blockage or difficult urination—Antihistamines may make urinary problems worse.
- Glaucoma—These medicines may cause a slight increase in inner eye pressure that may make the condition worse.
- Intestinal obstruction or
- Stomach ulcer—Use of cyproheptadine may make these conditions worse.
- Liver disease or
- Kidney disease—Effects of desloratadine may be increased because of slower removal from the body.
Proper use of this Medicine
For patients taking this medicine by mouth:
- Antihistamines can be taken with food or a glass of water or milk to lessen stomach irritation if necessary.
- If you are taking the extended-release tablet form of this medicine, swallow the tablets whole. Do not break, crush, or chew before swallowing.
For patients taking dimenhydrinate or diphenhydramine for motion sickness:
- Take this medicine at least 30 minutes or, even better, 1 to 2 hours before you begin to travel.
For patients using the suppository form of this medicine:
- To insert suppository: First remove the foil wrapper and moisten the suppository with cold water. Lie down on your side and use your finger to push the suppository well up into the rectum. If the suppository is too soft to insert, chill the suppository in the refrigerator for 30 minutes or run cold water over it before removing the foil wrapper.
For patients using the injection form of this medicine:
- If you will be giving yourself the injection, make sure you understand exactly how to give it. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.
Antihistamines are used to relieve or prevent the symptoms of your medical problem. Take them only as directed. Do not take more of them and do not take them more often than recommended on the label, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.
Dosing
The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor’s orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For use as an antihistamine:
- For azatadine
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults—1 to 2 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 12 years of age and older—0.5 mg to 1 mg two times a day as needed.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For brompheniramine
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—4 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—2 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—1 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults and teenagers—10 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle, under the skin, or into a vein every eight to twelve hours.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—0.125 mg per kilogram (0.06 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle, under the skin, or into a vein three or four times a day as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For cetirizine
- For oral dosage forms (syrup and tablets):
- Adults—5 to 10 milligrams (mg) once a day.
- Children 6 years of age and older—5 to 10 mg once a day.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—2.5 mg once a day, up to a maximum of 5 mg once a day or 2.5 mg twice a day.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For chlorpheniramine
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—4 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—2 mg three or four times a day as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For long-acting oral dosage forms (capsules or tablets):
- Adults—8 or 12 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 12 years of age and older—8 mg every twelve hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—5 to 40 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle, into a vein, or under the skin.
- Children 4 years of age and older—0.0875 mg per kilogram (0.04 mg per pound) of body weight injected under the skin every six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For clemastine
- For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—1.34 milligrams (mg) two times a day or 2.68 mg one to three times a day as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—0.67 to 1.34 mg two times a day.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For cyproheptadine
- For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and children 14 years of age and older—4 milligrams (mg) every eight hours. The doctor may increase the dose if needed.
- Children 6 to 14 years of age—4 mg every eight to twelve hours as needed
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—2 mg every eight to twelve hours as needed
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For desloratadine
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and children 12 years of age and older—5 milligrams (mg) once a day.
- Children 4 to 12 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For dexchlorpheniramine
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage form (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—2 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 5 to 12 years of age—1 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 5 years of age—0.5 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For long-acting oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults—4 or 6 milligrams (mg) every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For diphenhydramine
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—25 to 50 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—12.5 to 25 mg every four to six hours.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—6.25 to 12.5 mg every four to six hours.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—10 to 50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1.25 mg per kg (0.6 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle four times a day.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For doxylamine
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and teenagers—12.5 to 25 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—6.25 to 12.5 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For fexofenadine
- For oral dosage form (capsules):
- Adults and teenagers—60 milligrams (mg) two times a day as needed or 180 mg once a day.
- Children 6 to 11 years of age—30 mg twice a day as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For loratadine
- For oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and children 6 years of age and older—10 milligrams (mg) once a day.
- Children 4 to 5 years of age—5 mg once a day.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For phenindamine
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults and teenagers—25 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—12.5 mg every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
For nausea, vomiting, and vertigo (only dimenhydrinate and diphenhydramine are used for vertigo):
-
For dimenhydrinate
- For regular (short-acting) oral dosage forms (tablets or liquid):
- Adults and teenagers—50 to 100 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 12 years of age—25 to 50 mg every six to eight hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—12.5 to 25 mg every six to eight hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For long-acting oral dosage forms (capsules):
- Adults—1 capsule (contains 25 milligrams [mg] for immediate action and 50 mg for long action) every twelve hours.
- Children 4 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein every four hours as needed.
- Children 2 years of age and older—1.25 mg per kg (0.6 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle or into a vein every six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For suppository dosage form:
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg) inserted into the rectum every six to eight hours as needed.
- Children 12 years of age and older—50 mg inserted into the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 8 to 12 years of age—25 to 50 mg inserted into the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 6 to 8 years of age—12.5 to 25 mg inserted into the rectum every eight to twelve hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For diphenhydramine
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—25 to 50 milligrams (mg) every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 to 1.5 mg per kg (0.45 to 0.7 mg per pound) of body weight every four to six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—10 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein. Dose may be increased to 25 to 50 mg every two to three hours.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 to 1.5 mg per kg (0.45 to 0.68 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle every six hours.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For hydroxyzine
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—25 to 100 milligrams (mg) three or four times a day as needed.
- Children 6 years of age and older—12.5 to 25 mg every six hours as needed.
- Children 4 to 6 years of age—12.5 mg every six hours as needed.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—25 to 100 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 mg per kg (0.45 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
For Parkinson’s disease:
- For diphenhydramine
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—25 milligrams (mg) three times a day when starting treatment. Your doctor may increase the dose gradually later if needed.
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—10 to 50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle or into a vein.
- Children—1.25 mg per kg (0.6 mg per pound) of body weight four times a day injected into a muscle.
For use as a sedative (to help sleep):
- For diphenhydramine
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—50 milligrams (mg) twenty to thirty minutes before bedtime if needed.
- For doxylamine
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
- Adults—25 milligrams (mg) thirty minutes before bedtime if needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For hydroxyzine
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg).
- Children 4 years of age and older—0.6 mg per kg (0.3 mg per pound) of body weight.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—50 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle.
For anxiety:
- For hydroxyzine
- For oral dosage forms (capsules, tablets, or liquid):
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg).
- Children 4 years of age and older—0.6 mg per kg (0.3 mg per pound) of body weight.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
- For injection dosage form:
- Adults—50 to 100 milligrams (mg) injected into a muscle every four to six hours as needed.
- Children 4 years of age and older—1 mg per kilogram (0.45 mg per pound) of body weight injected into a muscle.
- Children and infants up to 4 years of age—Use is not recommended .
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.
Storage
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
Precautions while using this Medicine
Before you have any skin tests for allergies, tell the doctor in charge that you are taking this medicine. The results of the test may be affected by this medicine.
When taking antihistamines on a regular basis, make sure your doctor knows if you are taking large amounts of aspirin at the same time (as for arthritis or rheumatism). Effects of too much aspirin, such as ringing in the ears, may be covered up by the antihistamine.
Antihistamines will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using this medicine.
This medicine may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally. Even if taken at bedtime, it may cause some people to feel drowsy or less alert on arising. Some antihistamines are more likely to cause drowsiness than others. Drowsiness is less likely with cetirizine, and rare with desloratadine and loratadine. Make sure you know how you react to the antihistamine you are taking before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.
Antihistamines may cause dryness of the mouth, nose, and throat. Some antihistamines are more likely to cause dryness of the mouth than others . For temporary relief of mouth dryness, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.
For patients using dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, or hydroxyzine:
- This medicine controls nausea and vomiting. For this reason, it may cover up the signs of overdose caused by other medicines or the symptoms of appendicitis. This will make it difficult for your doctor to diagnose these conditions. Make sure your doctor knows that you are taking this medicine if you have other symptoms of appendicitis such as stomach or lower abdominal pain, cramping, or soreness. Also, if you think you may have taken an overdose of any medicine, tell your doctor that you are taking this medicine.
For patients using diphenhydramine or doxylamine as a sleeping aid:
- If you are already taking a sedative or tranquilizer, do not take this medicine without consulting your doctor first.
Side Effects of this Medicine
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common or rare
Less common or rare with azatadine, cetirizine, clemastine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, dexchlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, or loratadine
- Abdominal or stomach pain
- burning
- chills
- clay-colored stools or dark urine
- cough
- diarrhea
- difficulty swallowing
- dizziness
- fast or irregular heartbeat
- fever
- headache
- hives
- itching
- prickly sensations
- puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips or tongue
- redness of skin
- seizures
- shortness of breath
- skin rash
- swelling
- tightness in chest
- tingling
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- wheezing
Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
Less common or rare
- Sore throat
- unusual bleeding or bruising
- unusual tiredness or weakness
Symptoms of overdose
- Clumsiness or unsteadiness
- convulsions (seizures)
- drowsiness (severe)
- dryness of mouth, nose, or throat (severe)
- feeling faint
- flushing or redness of face
- hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there)
- shortness of breath or troubled breathing
- trouble in sleeping
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
- Drowsiness
- dry mouth, nose, or throat
- gastrointestinal upset, stomach pain, or nausea
- headache
- increased appetite and weight gain
- thickening of mucus
Less common or rare
- Acid or sour stomach
- belching
- blurred vision or any change in vision
- body aches or pain
- clumsiness or unsteadiness
- confusion (not with diphenhydramine)
- congestion
- constipation
- cough
- diarrhea
- difficult or painful urination
- difficulty in moving
- difficult or painful menstruation
- dizziness (not with brompheniramine or hydroxyzine)
- drowsiness (with high doses of desloratadine and loratadine)
- dryness of mouth, nose, or throat
- early menstruation
- fast heartbeat
- fever
- heartburn
- hoarseness
- increased sensitivity of skin to sun
- increased sweating
- indigestion
- loss of appetite
- joint pain
- muscle aching or cramping
- muscle pains or stiffness
- nausea
- nightmares (not with azatadine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, hydroxyzine, or loratadine)
- ringing or buzzing in ears
- runny nose
- skin rash
- swollen joints
- stomach discomfort, upset or pain
- tender swollen glands in neck
- tremor
- unusual excitement, nervousness, restlessness, or irritability
- vomiting
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Seek emergency medical attention or call 115
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Further information
Medical Disclaimer
The content of Holevn is solely for the purpose of providing information about Thuốc Antihistamine and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please contact your nearest doctor or clinic, hospital for advice. We do not accept liability if the patient arbitrarily uses the drug without following a doctor’s prescription.
Reference from: https://www.drugs.com/cons/antihistamine-oral-parenteral-rectal.html